What to write in a research paper
Non-Moral Argumentative Essay Topics
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Yahoo Vs. Lycos Essay example -- essays research papers fc
Hurray! Versus Lycos While looking on the Internet, one may think that its troublesome in some cases to realize where to begin. With the apparently boundless measure of data, one should utilize the asset appropriate for the searcher's needs and tastes. Looking at changed elements like databases, catalog types, qualities and shortcomings of two web crawlers, for example, Yahoo! also, Lycos, can give a favorable position to somebody searching for a beginning square. To begin with, one of the most established web crawlers on the web, Lycos keeps on flourishing basically by giving a blend of highlights. As the pattern with the other significant pursuit instruments, Lycos comprises of a mixture of databases, online administrations, and other Internet properties. As far as general looking, Lycos web search tool shows the new propelled search with FAST, which means looking through one of the biggest Web page databases. Inside the most recent year, Lycos made its fundamental catalog a rendition of the Open Directory Project. With an objective of this catalog arriving at the status of the most far reaching index of the web, and with over 1.8 million postings in 283,798 classes, it incorporates a bigger number of pages than Yahoo!. Like Yahoo!, Lycos has accessible postings by class and the locales are surveyed and ordered by editors. People perform better at settling on these sorts of choices than PCs, so results will regularly overshadow with the other web crawlers. While Yahoo! can take a very long time to take entries of new Web locales, destinations typically start in the Open Dir...
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Writing Coursework Following Educating Essex and Question Time Listening Essay Sample free essay sample
As the figure of media has risen drastically in this century. for example, instant message ( SMS ) and chirrup ( web log ) . individuals have begun abusing their opportunity of address and talk anything they like. Thus. it prompts various sorts of occupations including digital bulling and prejudice. In footings of the terrorizing from Educating Essex and the Fabrice Muamba Twitter race comments. both of the transgressors submitted the offenses through media. For the previous. a student who called Gabby was digital harassed through instant messages by her colleagues. Beauty and Chloe. For the last mentioned. a University understudy Liam Stacey has posted nauseating semantic correspondence through Twitter towards a football player Fabrice Muamba who was believed to be passed on. Sing the Educating Essex. it uncovers that Gabby was harassed in light of the fact that everyone needed to be famous and they could participate in girly bitching or conveying bits of gossip. Moreover. they will envious with those individuals who were completely acted. We will compose a custom paper test on Composing Coursework Following Educating Essex and Question Time Listening Essay Sample or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page being focussed and buckle down. In this way. they will menace those individuals as they were being demonstrated up to be non buckling down bounty. Nonetheless. finally. both of Grace and Chloe lamented to digital harassed Gabby. Paradoxically. the example of Fabrice Muamba Twitter race comments shows that Liam Stacey drank a cluster at that cut and donââ¬â¢t recognize what he has done. By and by. after he thought about this. he other than lamented to make so. Going with the impacts. the entirety of the miscreants including Grace. Chloe and Liam Stacey other than needed to gain a condemnable solid conviction while Stacey needs to set in gaol for 56 yearss. For the people in question. Gabby felt troubled and furious to the terrorizing. Other than. she didnââ¬â¢t realize who can be trust any more and individuals are monstrous to her and she didnââ¬â¢t need to talk or grin at them. Then. Fabrice Muamba and his family may other than hold indistinguishable sentiments from Gabby that they will get furious to this kind of ââ¬Å"jokeâ⬠. As regards the outcome. Gabby has discovered the school and guardians to cover with the activity ; the school gives clear back uping grounds to constabularies and happen the bullyââ¬â¢s female parent and talk with them with no implication. At a similar clasp. the guardians can chime to the constabulary for torment. Be that as it may. Liam Stacey must be considered by the equity and he limited the Public request Act 1986. As an outcome. he has imprisoned for 56 yearss. In 29th March. 2012. there was a contention called Question Time. They have welcomed various individuals to banter for grouped issues while one of them included the Muamba Twitter example. They have talked about the 56 yearss punishment and sharing their notions about the issue and the supplication against the sentence. A few people imagined that the punishment is exorbitant and trust Stacey can win the plea of sentence. Fitting to Simon Jenkins. the editorialist and National Trust president. it is regrettable and cockamamie sentence. He referenced that guiding individuals to gaol is silly and it has a higher figure in Britain contrasted and other European states. On the off chance that we can non digest individuals to talk dirtied phonetic correspondence. it was unjustifiable. Consequently. he unequivocally trusts that Stacey can win the plea. Aside from Simon Jenkins. Anna Soubry. Moderate MP. concurred and proceeded to include that albeit foul or racial semantic correspondence ought to non be endured. now and again we overlook that a condemnable record will tail you until an amazing terminal. Subsequently. it is unnecessary for the sentence and she trusts that others can larn his exercise. In the mean time. a comic. Alexei Sayle. contended that individuals are regularly holding dark thoughts. they only express in the encephalon. In this manner. he suggested that Stacey ought to non be placed in gaol. At a similar clasp. the restrictions differ that the punishment is too much unreasonable. As Douglas Alexander. Work MP. referenced that there is no avocation for the comments and we ought to be demand in dismissing prejudice including on the web and disconnected. Other than. Sarah Teather. Liberal Democrat MP. other than upheld that in the event that it is private discussion. it doesnââ¬â¢t undertaking. Be that as it may. at the point when you arranged to state to the universe through media. it causes gigantic unsettling influence and terrible propensity. Consequently. everybody should deal with what they said as a similar way as distribution wherever. so we need to accept twice before we post it. Moreover. a crowd of people other than concurred that holding 56 yearss punishment can move as a representation to thwart individuals to make it ceaselessly. By and by. I donââ¬â¢t accept 56 yearss punishment is excessive. The main ground is that if Stacey can advance the sentence. others may accept that bigotry is non a genuine activity and they may make it consistently with numerous vindications. Despite the fact that they will hold the condemnable record. this can use to caution them non to make it again. Generally speaking. it is our obligations to post any words that are non affecting others and we need to accept twice before we post it.
Friday, August 21, 2020
The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia
The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Proceed with caution especially if you have bipolar disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diet Pill Cautions How Belviq Works Cautions When Taking Belviq Side Effects of Belviq How Qsymia Works Cautions When Taking Qsymia Other Warnings About Qsymia Side Effects of Qsymia View All Back To Top In June and July of 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new weight loss drugs, Belviq (lorcaserin) and Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate).?? For people who have gained weight on psychiatric drugs, these drugs may seem appealing, but in reality, there are some important cautions. Cautions With Belviq and Qysmia Each of these two anti-obesity drugs can have negative effects on people with mood and sleep disorders, and there are some potentially problematic interactions with psychiatric drugs. If you are taking psychiatric medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Wellbutrin (bupropion), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), lithium or antipsychotics, its extremely important that you work closely and collaboratively with the physicians who prescribe both your psychiatric and weight loss medications. How Belviq Works This medication acts on serotonin, a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in depression.?? Because many psychiatric meds also work on the serotonin system, its not surprising that theres a potential for serious side effects when these medicines are combined. Cautions When Taking Belviq Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, both potentially life-threatening conditions, are possible with drugs that affect serotonin, so adding Belviq to existing medications might make developing either of these conditions more likely. The risk and safety of Belviq when used with other drugs that affect serotonin hasnt been evaluated yet, but the label contains a warning to use extreme caution when administering Belviq with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, Wellbutrin, MAOIs, antipsychotics, lithium and St. Johns wort.?? Side Effects of Belviq Potential side effects of Belviq include:?? DizzinessTirednessHeadacheDry mouthConstipationNausea How Qsymia Works Qsymia is a combination of two drugs, phentermine, and Topamax (topiramate). Topamax is an anti-epilepsy drug sometimes used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Phentermine has been used since 1959 in the U.S. for short-term obesity treatment and Topamax has been FDA approved for seizure disorders and migraine prevention.?? Because patients who were taking Topamax for those conditions were losing weight, research was conducted on how effective it was in treating obesity. The combination of the two drugs evidently work better together than alone, and thats how Qsymia was born. Cautions When Taking Qsymia For the last few years, the FDA has required all anticonvulsant medications to carry a warning about a potential increase in suicidal ideation.?? Since Qsymia contains topiramate, which is an anticonvulsant, the official prescribing information for the drug contains a warning that Qsymia may cause mood disorders. Qsymia is especially risky for people who have a history of depression because it can cause the depression to come back or other mood disorders to develop. It also says that if symptoms dont go away or are troublesome, Qsymia should be decreased or stopped. If you have suicidal ideation or behavior, Qsymia needs to be stopped immediately. It also should not be taken if you have a history of suicidal ideation or attempts.?? Other Warnings About Qysmia Other additional issues can include:?? Problems when Qsymia is taken along with benzodiazepines, a type of anti-anxiety and sedative medication, or other sleep medications.Qsymia should not be taken during or within 14 days of stopping any MAOI antidepressant.Care is needed when taking this drug with an anticonvulsant mood stabilizer, especially carbamazepine and valproate. Side Effects of Qsymia Potential side effects of Qsymia include??: DizzinessDry mouthTrouble sleepingTaste and smell changesTingling The Bottom Line Its not impossible for people who have bipolar disorder or major depression to be treated with either of these drugs, but extremely careful monitoring is necessary. Life-threatening side effects are possible. In some cases, regular blood tests are recommended. Work with your doctors closely if either Belviq or Qsymia is prescribed for you. Tell them about any changes in mood, sleep, anxiety, stress, or physical health. Losing weight is not worth the significant health problems that could occur when taking these drugs.
The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia
The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Proceed with caution especially if you have bipolar disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diet Pill Cautions How Belviq Works Cautions When Taking Belviq Side Effects of Belviq How Qsymia Works Cautions When Taking Qsymia Other Warnings About Qsymia Side Effects of Qsymia View All Back To Top In June and July of 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new weight loss drugs, Belviq (lorcaserin) and Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate).?? For people who have gained weight on psychiatric drugs, these drugs may seem appealing, but in reality, there are some important cautions. Cautions With Belviq and Qysmia Each of these two anti-obesity drugs can have negative effects on people with mood and sleep disorders, and there are some potentially problematic interactions with psychiatric drugs. If you are taking psychiatric medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Wellbutrin (bupropion), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), lithium or antipsychotics, its extremely important that you work closely and collaboratively with the physicians who prescribe both your psychiatric and weight loss medications. How Belviq Works This medication acts on serotonin, a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in depression.?? Because many psychiatric meds also work on the serotonin system, its not surprising that theres a potential for serious side effects when these medicines are combined. Cautions When Taking Belviq Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, both potentially life-threatening conditions, are possible with drugs that affect serotonin, so adding Belviq to existing medications might make developing either of these conditions more likely. The risk and safety of Belviq when used with other drugs that affect serotonin hasnt been evaluated yet, but the label contains a warning to use extreme caution when administering Belviq with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, Wellbutrin, MAOIs, antipsychotics, lithium and St. Johns wort.?? Side Effects of Belviq Potential side effects of Belviq include:?? DizzinessTirednessHeadacheDry mouthConstipationNausea How Qsymia Works Qsymia is a combination of two drugs, phentermine, and Topamax (topiramate). Topamax is an anti-epilepsy drug sometimes used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Phentermine has been used since 1959 in the U.S. for short-term obesity treatment and Topamax has been FDA approved for seizure disorders and migraine prevention.?? Because patients who were taking Topamax for those conditions were losing weight, research was conducted on how effective it was in treating obesity. The combination of the two drugs evidently work better together than alone, and thats how Qsymia was born. Cautions When Taking Qsymia For the last few years, the FDA has required all anticonvulsant medications to carry a warning about a potential increase in suicidal ideation.?? Since Qsymia contains topiramate, which is an anticonvulsant, the official prescribing information for the drug contains a warning that Qsymia may cause mood disorders. Qsymia is especially risky for people who have a history of depression because it can cause the depression to come back or other mood disorders to develop. It also says that if symptoms dont go away or are troublesome, Qsymia should be decreased or stopped. If you have suicidal ideation or behavior, Qsymia needs to be stopped immediately. It also should not be taken if you have a history of suicidal ideation or attempts.?? Other Warnings About Qysmia Other additional issues can include:?? Problems when Qsymia is taken along with benzodiazepines, a type of anti-anxiety and sedative medication, or other sleep medications.Qsymia should not be taken during or within 14 days of stopping any MAOI antidepressant.Care is needed when taking this drug with an anticonvulsant mood stabilizer, especially carbamazepine and valproate. Side Effects of Qsymia Potential side effects of Qsymia include??: DizzinessDry mouthTrouble sleepingTaste and smell changesTingling The Bottom Line Its not impossible for people who have bipolar disorder or major depression to be treated with either of these drugs, but extremely careful monitoring is necessary. Life-threatening side effects are possible. In some cases, regular blood tests are recommended. Work with your doctors closely if either Belviq or Qsymia is prescribed for you. Tell them about any changes in mood, sleep, anxiety, stress, or physical health. Losing weight is not worth the significant health problems that could occur when taking these drugs.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Is There a Future for Occupational Pensions and how may they Change
Is There a Future for Occupational Pensions and how may they Change? Occupational Pensions Introduction Planning for the old age has been one of the worries of most individuals, more especially the employed. One of the elements of this planning is the pension. Generally, pension is an arrangement to provide individuals with earnings at the time when the have ceased getting regular employment income. It serves the same purpose as severance pay, but while pensions are paid in regular installments, severance pay is paid in lump sum. Pension awarded following retirement is commonly known as a retirement plan, (Ginn, 2003). These plans may be established by either, the government, insurance companies, employer or other institutions such as trade unions. Different terms are used to refer to this plan in different countries. While in the United Kingdom it is referred to as ââ¬Å"pension schemesâ⬠, in the United States it is commonly known as ââ¬Å"retirement planâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"superannuation plansâ⬠in Ireland, (Turner, 2006). An occupational pension is retirement plan that i s mostly established by employers for their employees. These kinds of pensions are usually seen to be some kind of deferred compensation that is beneficial to both the employer and the employees for tax reasons. This paper will be seeking to answer the question ââ¬Å"Is there a future for occupational pensions, and how will they change?â⬠In order to answer this question, various issues concerning occupational pensions will be discussed, such as the types of occupation pensions, advantages and disadvantages of occupational pensions, current state of these pensions, future state of the pension, and then finally the conclusion on the same issue. Types of occupational pensions There are various types of occupational pensions, depending on the rules and regulations governing the same in the various countries. However, occupational pensions can be broadly classified into three categories. The first category is non-contributory occupation pension schemes. In this case, all the contributions are made by the employers for their employees under the scheme. The second category is the contributory occupational pension schemes. Under this type of pension schemes, in addition to the contributions of the employers for their employees, the employees are also required to contribute a certain percentage of their earnings, (Jackson, 2006). The income of the employee on maturity of the scheme will depend on the contributions made by the employer, the growth rate of the pension fund, as well as the annuity rates at the retirement period. The last category is open ââ¬Å"stakeholderâ⬠schemes. Unlike the other two schemes, the employer does not contribute in this schem e. In the United Kingdom, it is a law for any organization with more than five employees to establish this plan. However, it is not a requirement of the law for the employers to contribute to this scheme, (Barr and Diamond, 2006). Advantages of occupational pensions There are various advantages that can be attained by both the employers and the employees through occupational pensions. One of these advantages is tax relief for employeesââ¬â¢ and employerââ¬â¢s contributions for Customs approved and HR revenues schemes, which are given within annual allowances. From the employeesââ¬â¢ point of view, it is an opportunity to plan for the future at the time of old age. Precisely, occupational pension schemes can be considered as a saving plan for the old age. Another advantage that may be attained by the employees is the additional benefits associated with this scheme. For instance, in some cases, if a member dies pension may be paid to the partner, (Ginn, 2003). From the employerââ¬â¢s point of view, occupational pension scheme is one of the strategies of attracting, retaining as well as motivating employees. To some degree, occupational pension schemes contribute to job satisfaction which in turn contributes to production efficiency among the employees. Another thing is that, these schemes are usually designed as well as controlled according to the desires of the employer, but within given legislative limits. Thus, it is easy for the employer to structure this scheme to suit his/her business objectives, (Jackson, 2006). Disadvantages of occupational pensions Besides their advantages, occupational pension schemes have also their disadvantages. For instance, there is some rigidity in the operation of these schemes in the sense that, it becomes challenging to contribute to these schemes when one switches employers. Another disadvantage is that, under complex government legislation, the employers are forced to shoulder some costs that are associated with the provision of occupational pension schemes, (Turner, 2006). Current state of occupational pensions In almost all countries, occupational pensions are usually undertaken according to rules and regulations that have been set by the government. In the United States, the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration (PWBA) under the Department of Labour, has been given the mandate by the federal government to administer regulations of pensions, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). The main objective of these regulations is to ensure that the interests of the parties as well as their beneficiaries are protected in these schemes and setting standards that must be adhered to by pension schemes. Currently, there are various challenges facing not only occupational pensions but also other forms of pension schemes. The first challenge is population aging. In most countries, the ratio between the elderly and the working population is increasing at a high rate. This can be explained by the decreasing birth rates and increasing life expectancy, leading to an increase of the number of the elderly in comparison to the working population, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). Thus, the demand for retirement benefits has increased considerably more than the available sources of funds from employer and employee contributions. Perhaps, there are three alternatives in which this situation may be handled; increasing taxes to pay pension schemes, increasing pensionable ages, or lowering pensions in relation to society-wide average earnings. This implies that, not unless necessary measures are undertaken, pension schemes might collapse in the future. The other challenge is the increasing tendency of business organizations, more especially in the United States, deliberately under-funding occupation schemes so as to transfer the costs to the government. Additionally, under-funding of these schemes also implies that these organizations are entitled to a certain amount of tax-allowances, which leads to a decline of government revenues. This is one of the reasons behind the increasing pension liabilities which are being faced by the government in the United States, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). Inflation is yet another challenge that is affecting the current occupation pension schemes. These schemes are exposed to increasing inflation as they are paying inflation-linked pensions. The situation has been deteriorated further with the recent economic crisis which affected almost every economy in the entire globe. Ideally, occupational schemes have been hedging by buying index-bonds, (Ros, 2010). To deal with inflation, the schemes are forced to expand their investments on liability bonds in addition to index-linked bonds. However, with the increasing inflation levels, secure supply of physical linkers is invaluable. It has been also noted that most companies, more especially in the United Kingdom, are changing their strategies on occupational pensions. In the past, based on the traditional schemes, commonly known as the ââ¬Å"final salaryâ⬠or ââ¬Å"defined benefitâ⬠, organizations were setting aside funds for contribution to the pension schemes of their employees; however, this is not the case in the recent times. Instead, they have turned to schemes that besides their contributions, the employees are also required contribute some amounts as well, (Bridgen and Meyer, 2005). In these schemes are commonly described as ââ¬Å"defined contributionâ⬠or ââ¬Å"money purchaseâ⬠, the employees only know what is paid in but they are not aware of what they will earn at the time of retirement. The main arguments that have been put forward for these changes is that; the traditional schemes are no longer applicable in the contemporary life style based on the assumption that people are likely to change employers, and the increasing life span forcing employers to contribute to the occupational pensions for a long time, (Barr, 2006). Changing from traditional occupation pension schemes to the current schemes is considered as being a problem based on two main reasons. Firstly, it has been noted that employers are contributing a smaller percentage towards occupational pensions as compared to in the past, and the employees are paying more, (Jackson, 2006). Besides, it is expected that people will be forced to work up to the age of 72, to be in a position of earning the same benefits as those who were in the traditional schemes. This implies that if individual are not going to save more than those in the traditional occupational schemes, there are likely to make awkward choices; either to work for more years or retire at 65 and experience a remarkable decline in their income. Secondly, it has been forecasted that long-term stock market returns are likely to decline dramatically in the next few years. Despite of the recent economic crisis, returns from the stock market have been performing well in the past few decades . Based on this forecasts, it is expected that people will be forced to save harder for their future, (Turner, 2006). The future of occupational pensions and what is likely to change Perhaps, the issue of the future of occupation pensions can be best addressed based on the advantages and disadvantages of these schemes as well as the current challenges that are faced by the occupational pension schemes. In most countries, due to the costs that are involved in managing occupational pensions, governments have tried to pass on these costs onto the employers. However, as noted above, it has become very challenging for the employers to guarantee open-ended pension provision for their employees and a number of them are still yet to clear deficits in their final salary pension schemes, (Ginn, 2003). Following this challenges, future occupational schemes are likely to change considerably from the traditional schemes. One of the likely scenarios is that the employees are like to be forced to part with a higher percentage of their salary, as contributions towards their occupational pension schemes. Already most countries in the globe have proposed changing of pension scheme regulations towards the same, (Field and Williams, 2009). For instance, various assessments have been undertaken in the United Kingdom and most of the reports indicate that increasing the percentage of employee contributions could be a viable option. According to the report of the Independent Public Service Pensions Commission, employee contributions towards occupational pensions should be increased by about three percent. However, within the public sector, the lower-paid workforce may not be required to part with much extra proportionately with higher earners, (Ros, 2010). The structure of occupational pension schemes is changing following the changing conditions. For instance, in the context of the private sector, defined benefit schemes have been replaced by defined contribution, and this is expected to be the standard structure of future occupational pension schemes, (European Commission, 2004). Based on this defined benefit schemes, the employers the costs and risks of pensions are shouldered on the employer, who also takes the risks of salary inflation, regulatory changes, investment performance, interest rates, as well as longevity. However, with this new structure these risks are usually shared by the members, (Gruber, 2011). The employers are only accountable for a specified contribution, and no agreement or promise as to the amount of pension benefits an employee will be receiving following retirement. In the United Kingdom, the new regulations are likely to be implemented starting from 2012. An automatic enrolment system will be implemented a t the national level, to ensure that employees are compulsorily selected into an occupational pension scheme. Employees above the age of 22 with an annual income of over 7,500 pounds will be forced to join pension schemes. The employer will be required to contribute 3%, the employees 4% and the state 1% in tax relief, (Field and Williams, 2009). The main objective of these regulations is to ensure to promote or rather encourage private pension arrangements for the employees. Introduction of such changes are likely to destroy the future occupational pensions for a number of individuals due to various reason, (Gruber, 2011). There are high chances that the employers may take advantage of these changes to reduce their contributions towards pension schemes. Another way in which the occupational pension schemes are likely to change in the future is the change of the age at which people will be qualified for retirement benefits. It was mentioned previous that increasing life span has become a big challenge for occupational pension schemes in most countries. To deal with this challenge, proposals have been made for the retirement age to be increased, (Ros, 2010). Increasing the age of retirement has been ranked at the top among the pension experts in different countries. It is expected that this strategy will be effective in distributing benefits and costs equitably between generations. The assumption on this proposal is that it has a favorable effect on beneficiaries/contributors ratio. According to these experts, it is assumed that the strategy will stabilize the contribution rates due to participation of a higher labor force, and equally maintain relatively high levels of pension benefits for join the retired population, (Alberto and Ko sik, 2009). According to Mintel International Group Ltd (2006), besides the above factors that are likely to change in occupational pension schemes, there are also other indirect factors that are likely to change occupational pension scheme system. Some of these factors include reduction of expenditures by the government in other policy areas to channel the funds in financing occupational pension schemes and prioritizing fighting unemployment with an objective of increasing the number of contributors. Conclusion Providing adequate provisions for retirement is one of the challenges that are faced by most people. Occupational pension scheme becomes handy in addressing this problem. This is retirement plan that is mostly established by employers for their employees. It is usually seen as being some kind of deferred compensation that is beneficial to both the employer and the employees for tax reasons. The major objective of the paper was to address the question ââ¬Å"Is there a future for occupational pensions, and how will they change?â⬠In answering this question, the paper has been organized into various sections. First the current situation of occupational pension schemes in various parts of the globe was addressed. Under this section as noted above, there are various challenges that are facing occupational pension schemes. However, the most common challenges include the increasing life span which results to high ratio of beneficiaries to contributors, increasing rates of inflation wh ich contributes to higher costs of managing these schemes, and changing of business strategies of the employer concerning these schemes. It has been noted that the future of occupational pensions and the way they may change will depend on how these challenges are addressed. In the United Kingdom, promoting private saving for retirement age is one of the policies that have been proposed to address these challenges. Policies that are likely to be implemented in the near future include increasing of the retirement age and changing of the structure of the occupational pension schemes. Thus, future occupational pension schemes are likely to take a different course as compared to what has been in existence. Reference List Ambachtsheer, P.K., 2007. Pension Revolution: A Solution to the Pensions Crisis. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Alberto, C and Kosik, K. 2009. Regulatory Challenges for Pension Funds in Europe. CEA Insurers Barr, N and Diamond, P. 2006. ââ¬Å"The Economics of pensionsâ⬠, Oxford Review Economic Policy, Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring, pp. 15-39 Barr, N. 2006. ââ¬Å"Pensions: Overview of the Issuesâ⬠, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 22. No. 1, Spring, pp. 1-14. Bridgen, P. and Meyer, T. 2005. ââ¬Å"When do Benevolent capitalists Change Their Mind? Explaining the Retrenchment of Defined-benefit Pensions in Britainâ⬠, Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 39, No. 7. European Commission. 2004. The Future of Pension Systems. Directorate General Press and Communication. Field, S and Williams, R. 2009. ââ¬Å"The Pension Revolutionâ⬠Chapter 10 in Rethinking Reward, Corby, S., Palmer, S and Lindop, Eds. Palgrave MacMillan. Ginn, J. 2003. Gender, Pensions and the Lifecourse: How Pensions need to adapt to changing family forms. New York: the Policy Press. Gruber, J. 2011. Public Finance and public Policy, 3rd edition, Worth Publishers, pp. 319-388. Jackson, J. 2006. Occupational pensions: The New Law. London: new Commercial Pub. Co. Mintel International Group Ltd. 2006. Occupational Pensions. London: Mintel International Group Ros, A. 2010. Occupational Pensions in the Future. Retrieved on 6th November 2011 from http://www.saga.co.uk/money/pensions-and-savings/occupational-pensions-in-the-future.aspx Turner, A. 2006. Pension Challenges in an Aging World. Quarterly Magazine of the IM. Vol.43, No.3.
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
The Population Of Humans On Earth - 1468 Words
Population Throughout most of human history, the population of humans on earth has been kept in check by environmental factors. With humans relying completely on the resources near to them, if a population began to grow too large it would be held back by a need for resources such as food and water. Once a civilisation grew large enough to have the food produced outside of larger cities and sold to the people in the cities, Diseases were the main factor holding population in check. However in the early 1800ââ¬â¢s, the population of the world increased drastically due to advances in medicine that greatly increases the expected lifespan as well as reducing the infant death rate. In todayââ¬â¢s world, the population is growing at a rate that is devastating to the earth. The United Nations has projected a population of nine billion people by 2050. In order to see how the effects of this growth can be reduced and reversed, one must examine the impact it will have on basic needs such as food, water, and energy. One major need for the survival of the human race is water. Every day, more than one billion people on earth lack access to safe, clean, drinking water. Though the majority of the earth of covered in water, less than three percent of it is fresh water. Much of the freshwater on earth is frozen in the polar ice caps or in glaciers. Due to this, less than one percent of the total water on earth is fresh and available for drinking. At this point in time over half of this water isShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Human Population1458 Words à |à 6 Pagesyears, the population of the world has gone from about 2 million people to just over 7 million people. With this drastic change in population in such a short period of time compared to the total age of the earth, problems are no doubtable going to arise. From the demand of the ever rising human population on the earth, food accessibility, depletion of natural resources, and an increase in global warming affects all have detrimental consequences on our human population and our own earth that may notRead MoreHuman Neutering And Its Effects On Humans1224 Words à |à 5 Pagestwenty-five. All humans being unable to reproduce at a certain age could save the Earth. The Earth is in a very fragile state; Earth is losing its ability to be a habitat for the human race due to the volume of people living on its surface. There could be a way to slow down this process though, through human neutering. Human neutering would decrease overpopulation, allow the earth to reproduce its natural resources, and stop deforestation from rapidly occurring. A form of human neutering does existRead MoreEarth s Impact On Earth1201 Words à |à 5 PagesHumans have changed the face of Earth from the moment they first arrived. We humans who rule the earth and live in the earth have changed in many ways; ever since we came we have had growth in population, impact has been greater. We cut down forests, emitting pollutants, spilling oil, burying toxic waste, dumping garbage in oceans. We have affected this earth in a very positive and a negative way ever since we arrived on this planet called earth. Let me take you on a journey of how humans have transformedRead MoreEnvironmental Fundamentals859 Words à |à 4 PagesFundamentals Tara Howe ENV/100 Tolulope Awosika March 4th, 2013 Environmental Fundamentals In the year 1800 the human population on earth reached 1 billion. In 200 years, the population soared to 6 billion (Berg Hager, Chapter 1, 2009). With industrialization and technologies developed in those 200 years, humans have been depleting the earthââ¬â¢s natural resources at an alarming rate. Environmental science is the branch of science concerned with the physical, chemicalRead MoreI Will Be Defending The Earths Current Population1386 Words à |à 6 PagesEarth has been around for 4.5 billion years, progressing through several eras and phases. However, questions have begun to appear, with questions if the ââ¬Å"Earth is Overpopulated?â⬠, if ââ¬Å"With the Earthââ¬â¢s Current Population, will it be capable of maintaining life at a sustainable level?â⬠(Heaton), and if the Earth is at risk of running out of resources at the rate weââ¬â¢re consuming them? My answer to all these questions is no, that although the population is currently at 7 billion people, it is not atRead MoreOverpopulation : The Biggest Flaw Of The Human Population1627 Words à |à 7 Pagesare enough resources to supply the unlimited demand of the human population. The real problem is not that the resources of earth canââ¬â¢t sustain the population, but that they are not used efficiently enough. The fluctuating population densities and the means to efficiently use the resources are some of the biggest flaws of the human population. When overpopulation is debated about the main concerns besides the plight of the dense populations are the birth rate, standard of living, and ecological well-beingRead MoreThe Overpopulation Of The Human Race1377 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe human race is killing the earth due to the consumption of natural resources and not taking care of our planet. The human race as of the twenty-first century is similar to a parasite. Humans consume everything we can and do not help those resources grow back. The human race is also driving animals ou t of their habitats, taking over those habitats and in that process putting more animals on the endangered species index. The human population needs to be reduced in order to try to save earth or soRead MoreImproving Urban Sanitation And Waste Removal985 Words à |à 4 PagesHuman population has grown very slowly for most of its existence on earth. Scientists currently estimate that modern human beings evolved roughly 130,000 to 160,000 years ago. Many threats, from diseases to climate fluctuations, kept life expectancy short and death rates high in pre-industrial society, so it took until 1804 for the human population to reach one billion. From that point forward, however, population growth accelerated very quickly. Through the early decades of the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreThe Space Settlement Of Space880 Words à |à 4 Pages1.1 What is a space settlement The human civilization, after centuries of existence is now facing problems on earth and is in need of a new home, the space settlement. Space settlement is a simple concept developed to overcome the dangers which the human species is facing and would face in the future. It is a complex structure providing the essential needs for a person to live, which is constructed in space. In simple words, a habitat in space. It would be something where people would live, workRead MoreHuman Population Growing Every Day Essay1354 Words à |à 6 PagesWith the human population growing every day, can Earth support all of the additional population? If the answer is no, is it as simple as just changing or life or are there simply to many people on the planet? This question is brought up a lot when talking about human population and other questions are usually brought up like: is there enough space, is there enough food, is there enough water, what are we going to do if we run out of natural resource s, and what are we supposed to do with all of the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
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