Is There a Future for Occupational Pensions and how may they Change

Is There a Future for Occupational Pensions and how may they Change? Occupational Pensions Introduction Planning for the old age has been one of the worries of most individuals, more especially the employed. One of the elements of this planning is the pension. Generally, pension is an arrangement to provide individuals with earnings at the time when the have ceased getting regular employment income. It serves the same purpose as severance pay, but while pensions are paid in regular installments, severance pay is paid in lump sum. Pension awarded following retirement is commonly known as a retirement plan, (Ginn, 2003). These plans may be established by either, the government, insurance companies, employer or other institutions such as trade unions. Different terms are used to refer to this plan in different countries. While in the United Kingdom it is referred to as â€Å"pension schemes†, in the United States it is commonly known as â€Å"retirement plan†, and â€Å"superannuation plans† in Ireland, (Turner, 2006). An occupational pension is retirement plan that i s mostly established by employers for their employees. These kinds of pensions are usually seen to be some kind of deferred compensation that is beneficial to both the employer and the employees for tax reasons. This paper will be seeking to answer the question â€Å"Is there a future for occupational pensions, and how will they change?† In order to answer this question, various issues concerning occupational pensions will be discussed, such as the types of occupation pensions, advantages and disadvantages of occupational pensions, current state of these pensions, future state of the pension, and then finally the conclusion on the same issue. Types of occupational pensions There are various types of occupational pensions, depending on the rules and regulations governing the same in the various countries. However, occupational pensions can be broadly classified into three categories. The first category is non-contributory occupation pension schemes. In this case, all the contributions are made by the employers for their employees under the scheme. The second category is the contributory occupational pension schemes. Under this type of pension schemes, in addition to the contributions of the employers for their employees, the employees are also required to contribute a certain percentage of their earnings, (Jackson, 2006). The income of the employee on maturity of the scheme will depend on the contributions made by the employer, the growth rate of the pension fund, as well as the annuity rates at the retirement period. The last category is open â€Å"stakeholder† schemes. Unlike the other two schemes, the employer does not contribute in this schem e. In the United Kingdom, it is a law for any organization with more than five employees to establish this plan. However, it is not a requirement of the law for the employers to contribute to this scheme, (Barr and Diamond, 2006). Advantages of occupational pensions There are various advantages that can be attained by both the employers and the employees through occupational pensions. One of these advantages is tax relief for employees’ and employer’s contributions for Customs approved and HR revenues schemes, which are given within annual allowances. From the employees’ point of view, it is an opportunity to plan for the future at the time of old age. Precisely, occupational pension schemes can be considered as a saving plan for the old age. Another advantage that may be attained by the employees is the additional benefits associated with this scheme. For instance, in some cases, if a member dies pension may be paid to the partner, (Ginn, 2003). From the employer’s point of view, occupational pension scheme is one of the strategies of attracting, retaining as well as motivating employees. To some degree, occupational pension schemes contribute to job satisfaction which in turn contributes to production efficiency among the employees. Another thing is that, these schemes are usually designed as well as controlled according to the desires of the employer, but within given legislative limits. Thus, it is easy for the employer to structure this scheme to suit his/her business objectives, (Jackson, 2006). Disadvantages of occupational pensions Besides their advantages, occupational pension schemes have also their disadvantages. For instance, there is some rigidity in the operation of these schemes in the sense that, it becomes challenging to contribute to these schemes when one switches employers. Another disadvantage is that, under complex government legislation, the employers are forced to shoulder some costs that are associated with the provision of occupational pension schemes, (Turner, 2006). Current state of occupational pensions In almost all countries, occupational pensions are usually undertaken according to rules and regulations that have been set by the government. In the United States, the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration (PWBA) under the Department of Labour, has been given the mandate by the federal government to administer regulations of pensions, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). The main objective of these regulations is to ensure that the interests of the parties as well as their beneficiaries are protected in these schemes and setting standards that must be adhered to by pension schemes. Currently, there are various challenges facing not only occupational pensions but also other forms of pension schemes. The first challenge is population aging. In most countries, the ratio between the elderly and the working population is increasing at a high rate. This can be explained by the decreasing birth rates and increasing life expectancy, leading to an increase of the number of the elderly in comparison to the working population, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). Thus, the demand for retirement benefits has increased considerably more than the available sources of funds from employer and employee contributions. Perhaps, there are three alternatives in which this situation may be handled; increasing taxes to pay pension schemes, increasing pensionable ages, or lowering pensions in relation to society-wide average earnings. This implies that, not unless necessary measures are undertaken, pension schemes might collapse in the future. The other challenge is the increasing tendency of business organizations, more especially in the United States, deliberately under-funding occupation schemes so as to transfer the costs to the government. Additionally, under-funding of these schemes also implies that these organizations are entitled to a certain amount of tax-allowances, which leads to a decline of government revenues. This is one of the reasons behind the increasing pension liabilities which are being faced by the government in the United States, (Ambachtsheer, 2007). Inflation is yet another challenge that is affecting the current occupation pension schemes. These schemes are exposed to increasing inflation as they are paying inflation-linked pensions. The situation has been deteriorated further with the recent economic crisis which affected almost every economy in the entire globe. Ideally, occupational schemes have been hedging by buying index-bonds, (Ros, 2010). To deal with inflation, the schemes are forced to expand their investments on liability bonds in addition to index-linked bonds. However, with the increasing inflation levels, secure supply of physical linkers is invaluable. It has been also noted that most companies, more especially in the United Kingdom, are changing their strategies on occupational pensions. In the past, based on the traditional schemes, commonly known as the â€Å"final salary† or â€Å"defined benefit†, organizations were setting aside funds for contribution to the pension schemes of their employees; however, this is not the case in the recent times. Instead, they have turned to schemes that besides their contributions, the employees are also required contribute some amounts as well, (Bridgen and Meyer, 2005). In these schemes are commonly described as â€Å"defined contribution† or â€Å"money purchase†, the employees only know what is paid in but they are not aware of what they will earn at the time of retirement. The main arguments that have been put forward for these changes is that; the traditional schemes are no longer applicable in the contemporary life style based on the assumption that people are likely to change employers, and the increasing life span forcing employers to contribute to the occupational pensions for a long time, (Barr, 2006). Changing from traditional occupation pension schemes to the current schemes is considered as being a problem based on two main reasons. Firstly, it has been noted that employers are contributing a smaller percentage towards occupational pensions as compared to in the past, and the employees are paying more, (Jackson, 2006). Besides, it is expected that people will be forced to work up to the age of 72, to be in a position of earning the same benefits as those who were in the traditional schemes. This implies that if individual are not going to save more than those in the traditional occupational schemes, there are likely to make awkward choices; either to work for more years or retire at 65 and experience a remarkable decline in their income. Secondly, it has been forecasted that long-term stock market returns are likely to decline dramatically in the next few years. Despite of the recent economic crisis, returns from the stock market have been performing well in the past few decades . Based on this forecasts, it is expected that people will be forced to save harder for their future, (Turner, 2006). The future of occupational pensions and what is likely to change Perhaps, the issue of the future of occupation pensions can be best addressed based on the advantages and disadvantages of these schemes as well as the current challenges that are faced by the occupational pension schemes. In most countries, due to the costs that are involved in managing occupational pensions, governments have tried to pass on these costs onto the employers. However, as noted above, it has become very challenging for the employers to guarantee open-ended pension provision for their employees and a number of them are still yet to clear deficits in their final salary pension schemes, (Ginn, 2003). Following this challenges, future occupational schemes are likely to change considerably from the traditional schemes. One of the likely scenarios is that the employees are like to be forced to part with a higher percentage of their salary, as contributions towards their occupational pension schemes. Already most countries in the globe have proposed changing of pension scheme regulations towards the same, (Field and Williams, 2009). For instance, various assessments have been undertaken in the United Kingdom and most of the reports indicate that increasing the percentage of employee contributions could be a viable option. According to the report of the Independent Public Service Pensions Commission, employee contributions towards occupational pensions should be increased by about three percent. However, within the public sector, the lower-paid workforce may not be required to part with much extra proportionately with higher earners, (Ros, 2010). The structure of occupational pension schemes is changing following the changing conditions. For instance, in the context of the private sector, defined benefit schemes have been replaced by defined contribution, and this is expected to be the standard structure of future occupational pension schemes, (European Commission, 2004). Based on this defined benefit schemes, the employers the costs and risks of pensions are shouldered on the employer, who also takes the risks of salary inflation, regulatory changes, investment performance, interest rates, as well as longevity. However, with this new structure these risks are usually shared by the members, (Gruber, 2011). The employers are only accountable for a specified contribution, and no agreement or promise as to the amount of pension benefits an employee will be receiving following retirement. In the United Kingdom, the new regulations are likely to be implemented starting from 2012. An automatic enrolment system will be implemented a t the national level, to ensure that employees are compulsorily selected into an occupational pension scheme. Employees above the age of 22 with an annual income of over 7,500 pounds will be forced to join pension schemes. The employer will be required to contribute 3%, the employees 4% and the state 1% in tax relief, (Field and Williams, 2009). The main objective of these regulations is to ensure to promote or rather encourage private pension arrangements for the employees. Introduction of such changes are likely to destroy the future occupational pensions for a number of individuals due to various reason, (Gruber, 2011). There are high chances that the employers may take advantage of these changes to reduce their contributions towards pension schemes. Another way in which the occupational pension schemes are likely to change in the future is the change of the age at which people will be qualified for retirement benefits. It was mentioned previous that increasing life span has become a big challenge for occupational pension schemes in most countries. To deal with this challenge, proposals have been made for the retirement age to be increased, (Ros, 2010). Increasing the age of retirement has been ranked at the top among the pension experts in different countries. It is expected that this strategy will be effective in distributing benefits and costs equitably between generations. The assumption on this proposal is that it has a favorable effect on beneficiaries/contributors ratio. According to these experts, it is assumed that the strategy will stabilize the contribution rates due to participation of a higher labor force, and equally maintain relatively high levels of pension benefits for join the retired population, (Alberto and Ko sik, 2009). According to Mintel International Group Ltd (2006), besides the above factors that are likely to change in occupational pension schemes, there are also other indirect factors that are likely to change occupational pension scheme system. Some of these factors include reduction of expenditures by the government in other policy areas to channel the funds in financing occupational pension schemes and prioritizing fighting unemployment with an objective of increasing the number of contributors. Conclusion Providing adequate provisions for retirement is one of the challenges that are faced by most people. Occupational pension scheme becomes handy in addressing this problem. This is retirement plan that is mostly established by employers for their employees. It is usually seen as being some kind of deferred compensation that is beneficial to both the employer and the employees for tax reasons. The major objective of the paper was to address the question â€Å"Is there a future for occupational pensions, and how will they change?† In answering this question, the paper has been organized into various sections. First the current situation of occupational pension schemes in various parts of the globe was addressed. Under this section as noted above, there are various challenges that are facing occupational pension schemes. However, the most common challenges include the increasing life span which results to high ratio of beneficiaries to contributors, increasing rates of inflation wh ich contributes to higher costs of managing these schemes, and changing of business strategies of the employer concerning these schemes. It has been noted that the future of occupational pensions and the way they may change will depend on how these challenges are addressed. In the United Kingdom, promoting private saving for retirement age is one of the policies that have been proposed to address these challenges. Policies that are likely to be implemented in the near future include increasing of the retirement age and changing of the structure of the occupational pension schemes. Thus, future occupational pension schemes are likely to take a different course as compared to what has been in existence. Reference List Ambachtsheer, P.K., 2007. Pension Revolution: A Solution to the Pensions Crisis. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Alberto, C and Kosik, K. 2009. Regulatory Challenges for Pension Funds in Europe. CEA Insurers Barr, N and Diamond, P. 2006. â€Å"The Economics of pensions†, Oxford Review Economic Policy, Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring, pp. 15-39 Barr, N. 2006. â€Å"Pensions: Overview of the Issues†, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 22. No. 1, Spring, pp. 1-14. Bridgen, P. and Meyer, T. 2005. â€Å"When do Benevolent capitalists Change Their Mind? Explaining the Retrenchment of Defined-benefit Pensions in Britain†, Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 39, No. 7. European Commission. 2004. The Future of Pension Systems. Directorate General Press and Communication. Field, S and Williams, R. 2009. â€Å"The Pension Revolution† Chapter 10 in Rethinking Reward, Corby, S., Palmer, S and Lindop, Eds. Palgrave MacMillan. Ginn, J. 2003. Gender, Pensions and the Lifecourse: How Pensions need to adapt to changing family forms. New York: the Policy Press. Gruber, J. 2011. Public Finance and public Policy, 3rd edition, Worth Publishers, pp. 319-388. Jackson, J. 2006. Occupational pensions: The New Law. London: new Commercial Pub. Co. Mintel International Group Ltd. 2006. Occupational Pensions. London: Mintel International Group Ros, A. 2010. Occupational Pensions in the Future. Retrieved on 6th November 2011 from http://www.saga.co.uk/money/pensions-and-savings/occupational-pensions-in-the-future.aspx Turner, A. 2006. Pension Challenges in an Aging World. Quarterly Magazine of the IM. Vol.43, No.3.

The Population Of Humans On Earth - 1468 Words

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Top Ctel Essay Samples Reviews!

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Operations Management Structure Mobile Application Development

Questions: 1. Identify a business you think is interesting and briefly discuss how each of the above challenges might impact that business in the future? 2. Choose a minimum of three of the following areas of Operations Management that you think are likely to most impact the success of your chosen business and justify your selection of each? Answer: Introduction Operation Management is one of the most effective and important part of the administration involved within any business process. The organization involves the operation managers and operation management team for increasing the efficiency within the working structure of the organization (Akalin, Huang and Willems 2016). In contrast with these facts, operation management is nothing but the conversion of materials and labor into the goods and services for managing profit limits up to critical evaluation measures. This report is considering the business process of mobile application development for analyzing the impact and importance of operation management within any concerned organization. In addition to this, some challenges are identified in these reports which are discussed with respect to mobile application development perspectives (Babich and Kouvelis 2015). In contrast with these facts, some impactful situations involved in operation management are also being elaborated in this report. 1. Impact of challenges of Operation Management on Mobile Application Development Business There are various challenges that are identified as he most effective ones during the impact analysis of the Operations Management within any business process. In contrast with these facts, Mobile Application Development is one of the most effective and innovative business processes that are providing challenge to leading business industries (Berenguer et al. 2015). In spite of these benefits of the operations management there are various critical challenges involved within the operations management with respect to the mobile application development industry. Some of these challenges are being elaborated in this part of the report. These are given as follows: Change of technologies: Changing of technologies is and effective challenge observed while studying the operations management features involved within the mobile application development business process (Bianchi and hlstrm 2014). Mobile application development is entirely dependent on effective technological support and effective solution providences. In case of the mobile application development perspectives, it is important to select compatible technology for managing effective business objectives and goals within concerned organizations. Therefore, change of technologies has great impact on the mobile application development business. Various organization follows different technological support for managing their business objectives; therefore they have to found appropriate solutions and adaptation power to incorporate the technological features within their infrastructure. Developers select correct technological support for managing their infrastructure within their business proc ess that provides them effective solutions for improving their system architecture (Bicheno and Holweg 2016). Therefore, this is clear that change of technology is one of the operations management challenges that can easily destroy any business process if the business cannot accept the changes in management decisions. Continued Globalization of markets including 1st and 2nd world entrants: This is considered as one of the most effective challenges the operations management faces within the mobile application development industry. 1st and 2nd world generally refers to the those segments of world those have significant technological and financial support for managing their different business process within the competitive market (Bromiley and Rau 2016). Globalization allows the entrants from these segments of world to enter into the competitive market and increases the competition within the sector of mobile application development industry. In contrast with these facts, the entrants coming from these segments have improvised technology and financial support that offers effective solutions and chances of providing best solution in comparison with 3rd world countries in case of mobile application development perspectives. These aspects dominate the market of mobile application development business pr ocess (Brown, Bessant and Lamming 2013). In most of the cases, the monitoring facility and testing facility of mobile application development needs effective financial support and technical support, that is not properly taken care of and the entrants coming from 1st and 2nd world creates challenges for mobile application development business process. Changing customer expectations: This is another challenge that the mobile application development business faces within the competitive market. In contrast with these facts, customer always wants innovative and impactful solutions with respect to their variable demands and needs within the competitive market. In addition to this, these variable demands make the operations management hampered with respect to business goals and objectives within the competitive market (Francis et al. 2014). In contrast with the competitive market analysis, it is found that changing customer expectations are effective challenges involved within the mobile application development business. This aspect effectively damages the business objectives of the mobile application development business process. Changing customer expectation leads to the business to a competitive position where it cannot compete with upcoming challenges from the customer ends and the business run into losses. This is the most impactf ul situation for the business process. Changing job designs: Human resource department plays an important role with respect to the operations management functionalities within any market segment (Galindo and Batta 2013). Changing the job design is one part of the human resource management department. In addition to this, there is various aspects that needs to be considered by the business process for prioritizing the development of mobile application development process. In contrast with these facts, changing of the job design and design of tasks are effective in case of finding effective business objectives and goals for the job management. This aspect is very important for managing the mobile application development aspects effectively from various perspectives that helps the business process in finding effective solutions. Job satisfaction impacts on the business assessment patterns of the mobile application development business process (Gunasekaran, Irani and Papadopoulos 2014). In addition to this, these aspects have to be managed by the project managers of the concerned business for managing the impactful solutions within any business industry. Quality management: Quality management is another challenge for the operations management aspect involved within the mobile application development. This aspect is considered as one of the important risks as in case of the mobile application development sometimes the applications may offers potential solutions to the business heads but sometimes these offers quality but not in terms of long duration. When the business process are evaluated with respect to the long term evaluation then these quality management is considered as an effective challenge for operations management functionalities within the mobile application development industry (Harvey, Heineke and Lewis 2016). This critical situation makes the system architecture of the business process complex and complicated with respect to other business measures involved within the competitive marketplace. In terms of the significant growth of involved within the mobile application development programs within the competitive market, it is noted that these programs introduces complex situations that are raised because of quality management issues within the business process. Therefore, the quality management process can be considered as the effective challenge for the operations management in case of the mobile application development aspect within the competitive market. Global manufacturing: Global manufacturing is another challenge that disrupts the business process of mobile application development within the competitive market (Hendricks, Hora and Singhal 2014). In addition to this, a global manufacturing concept reduces the potentials of the mobile application business perspectives. Global manufacturing businesses are comprised of the process that leverages one organization in solving various issues and manufacturing a product for other company. This aspect allows the organization for managing their capabilities in terms of competitive advantages within the marketplace (Karlsson 2016). In contrast with these facts, this aspect makes the mobile application development market weak in terms of making effective components for producing the effective solutions for mobile application development. 2. Important Functional Areas of Operation Management for Success of Mobile Application Development Mobile application development is one of the most effective and innovative profession and business for improvising the business objectives and goals within the competitive target market (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). In addition to this, operations management also matters for managing the effective solutions within the mobile application development industry. Therefore, operations management has various functional areas that offer effective solutions to improvise business objectives and goals within the competitive marketplace. In addition to this, among all of these impactful functional areas some impactful areas are being elaborated in this part of the report in order to highlight the importance and impact of the operations management on the mobile application development business process (Langabeer and Helton 2015). These impactful areas and their reasons and impacts on the mobile application development perspectives of any business process within the competitive market a re being elaborated in this part of the report. These are discussed as follows: Impact of Goods and Service Design on Mobile Application Development Mobile application development is kind of business that has great impact of the goods and service designs that needs effective system architectural support for maintaining efficient business objectives and goals of mobile application development business processes (Mahadevan 2015). Mobile application development business process incorporates various technical perspectives within the system architecture of the business process that offers technical feasibility as well as work potential. Sustainability of application: This is one of the positive impacts on the mobile application development business process that is incorporated by the goods and services related to the mobile application development process. In contrast with these aspects, Sustainability of ay mobile application business is entirely dependent on the technical perspectives used within the business process (Malhotra et al. 2014). The mobile application development business process incorporates effective raw materials and software services in order to mandate their business perspectives within the competitive marketplace for improving their business objectives and goals with respect to evolving trends and technical feasibility aspects. Environmental friendliness: Effective and efficient project materials and design architecture helps the business process to incorporate effective structure of mobile application design architecture within the competitive market place. Environment friendliness is an important matter of fact that needs to be considered in case of managing beneficial aspects within the system architecture of the business processes (Marshall, Metters and Pagell 2016). In contrast with these facts, this is noted that monitoring of effective goods and services utilization within mobile application development business process allows the development of the business process with respect to the competitive advantages. Quality management: Quality management is another impactful situation that is offered by the goods and effective services involved within the system architecture of the mobile application development business process with respect to the competitive market (Radnor and Bateman 2016). Quality management issues are involved within the business process with the help of proper goods and services offers highly efficient in providing customer benefits and effective process design process within the competitive market. This aspect is considered as the effective solution for managing the mobile application development within the competitive market. Quality Management Quality management is another impactful operations management involved within the mobile application development aspect within the competitive market with respect to evolving technical trends and technical measures. There are various impactful operations management aspects, among all of these aspects; quality management is one of them (Slack 2015). The quality management involves various perspectives within the mobile application development business process. these impacts are being elaborated in this part of the report: Improved customer relationships: Customer relationships are improvised with the help of effective quality management operations involved within the system architecture of mobile application development architecture (Smith, Maull and CL Ng 2014). The mobile application development perspectives are based on the effective solutions that are provided by the organizations for managing effective solutions. Preparation of the effective solution development according to the users and customer demands allows the business process in solving various risks involved within the mobile application development (Walker et al. 2014). Cloud solutions are only impressive solutions that are used by the mobile application development business process that satisfies the customers most in comparison with critical situation of the competitive marketplace. Innovative application development: Innovative application development is another impact of the quality management phenomenon involved within the mobile application development business process (Zurich 2016). In addition to this, there are various critical factors that can be used for improvise the system architecture of the mobile application development, among all of these innovative application development is one of the best impact of quality management that offers effective solution development within the competitive market. Development of effective solutions for risks: Mobile application development involves various risks from the technical point of view of the business process (Akalin, Huang and Willems 2016). In contrast with these facts, this is noted that quality management perspective helps the business owners in finding various critical measures that will be helpful in solving risks identified during the project development or mobile application development with respect to evolving trends within the competitive market. Risk assessment: Risk assessment is another aspect that helps in identifying the issues involved within the business process. In addition to this, various IDEs and software solutions are there that helps the organization and business process in solving various risk issues within the system architecture of mobile application development projects within this particular industry (Babich and Kouvelis 2015). Quality management is one of the best solutions that incorporate risk management within the system architecture of the business processes. Innovation for technology: This is another impact of the quality management within the mobile application development business process. In contrast with these aspects, innovation of the technology gets the scope for quality management that are introduced by the mobile application development strategies within the competitive market. Capacity Management Capacity management is another impactful operation management area that offers effective support to the growth of the mobile application development business process. In addition to this, there are various system architectures and effective technical solutions that offer capacity management functionality for managing the growth of mobile application development within the competitive industry (Berenguer et al. 2015). This aspect mainly controls the economic and planning measures important for developing any mobile application within the competitive market. This aspect allows the business process in gaining effective amount of revenues with respect to evolving trends within the target market for improving the business impact. Following aspects are concerned with the capacity management related to mobile application development: Improvisation of performance: Capacity management allows the mobile application development business process to improvise their performance with respect to various technological trends within the competitive marketplace (Bianchi and hlstrm 2014). This aspect makes the system architecture of the mobile application development more compatible with the demands of the customers. Improvisations of the performance based on the functionalities involved within the mobile application development are analyzed with the help of capacity management. Capacity management involved within the system architecture of mobile application development business process are identified and utilized for better opportunities within the concerned business sector. Planning for future improvisation: Planning for future improvisation is another benefit that is offered by the capacity management plan in case of the mobile application development. In contrast with these facts, capacity management in terms of the mobile application development perspectives, provide the business process various opportunities based on technological advancements as well as various growth opportunities as it helps to save good amount of money for their future (Bicheno and Holweg 2016) Various organizations those are involved into this business process are beneficial for particular this operations management facility. Lack of delay: Capacity management process introduces various chances to the mobile application development business process an opportunity to complete their project within time as in case of mobile application development industry time is a important matter of fact that offers effective feature to the business process as well as the organizations (Bromiley and Rau 2016). Therefore, capacity management processes are impactful for reducing the delay of developing the mobile application for their client or customers in order to evaluate the impact of trend on these areas. Capacity management is impactful on the mobile application development. Quality of the mobile app: Quality of Mobile application is another impactful benefit that is achieved with the help of capacity management process introduced into the mobile application development process. Capacity management improvises the system architecture and other technological implementation that are needed for developing any mobile application (Brown, Bessant and Lamming 2013). This aspect allows the business heads in recognizing their opportunities with respect to various evolving trends within the target market and they easily make mobile application development a profitable one with respect o competitive market place and its demands. Facility and Work Design Facility and work design is another aspect that provides effective operations management perspectives to the mobile application development. In addition to this, there are various impactful conditions and aspects that are incorporated within the system architecture of the mobile application development perspectives (Francis et al. 2014). In contrast with these facts, among all of these impacts some are being elaborated in this part of the report: Business intelligence functions: Business intelligence functions are one of the most effective benefits offered by the effective facility and work designing standards used by the mobile application development business process (Galindo and Batta 2013). In addition to this, these facilities and effective work designs provides effective mobile application that are capable of providing multitasking facilities. Enterprise application management: EAM is another application that is developed by the mobile application development business process with the help of effective facilities and work designs within this industry. Tracking system development: Tracking system development is another aspect that offers effective mobile device tracking system architecture to the business owners (Gunasekaran et al. 2014). In addition to this, tracking devices are only possible with the help of effective designing standards and working architecture involved within the system architecture of mobile application development business process. Conclusion This can be concluded that operation management is the best solution for managing various functionalities involved within the system architecture of any concerned organization. In addition to this, operation management provides effective solutions to the organizations that offers effective system infrastructure to the organization for managing organizational working culture. This report is considering Mobile application development for elaborating the impact and importance of the operation management within any concerned organization for improving their system architecture. 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