Bottled Water Industry In India

Bottled Water Industry In India Pest analysis plays an important role in the beginning of any organization activity/processes as it go through all the functioning aspects of an individual organization and creates a strategy for the various operations. The organization environment is made from various factors ie. a)Political factors-Bottled water industry which falls under FDA.The government plays an important role as they set the rules and regulation for the organization manufacturing. The industry have to go with the rules otherwise they will get charged fine. The following factors which can cause bottled water industry to have variances in their profits or results- Changes in tax laws, account standards, tax rates and regulations Political factors for international companies as companies recently started selling their products into US, so there are restrictions in transferring capital across border, changes in government. Changes in business patterns which includes competitive product, pricings and their ability to maintain share of sales in market, how the company make necessary arrangement with its infrastructure like distribution, technology, bottlers . b)Economic factor- Last year the economy of India was not good, and now its booming but it doesnt effected the bottled water industry. The market is quiet tough and there are other water companies existing now, so industry has decided to enter US. The market in US is very competitive and highly brand conscious, so there is a heavy investment done by companies to build its brand . c)Social factor- Everyone want to stay and live a healthy life. Now people are become more conscious about their diets. This affected the alcoholic beverage industries as people are more into drinking water, coke as compared to beer and alcoholic beverages. The demand for bottled water which is very convenient in daily life .As the age goes up the generation become more serious about their health and this factor will keep the industry company always in demand and keep going. d)Technological factor- The Bottled water industry should do marketing and advertising in a proper fashion, by giving advertisement in internet and television in a stylish way. The industry is producing different shapes of bottles which is much easier to carry and can throw it into bin when its used. As the new technology introduced,the industry must use them for huge production as the companies are growing in a tremendous way and can give a quality speedy delivery service. PORTERS FIVE FORCE MODEL FOR BOTTLED WATER INDUSTRY BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS: Long Term Relationship Local Government Selection of suppliers is based on quality, equitable prices, etc BARGAINING POWER OF CONSUMERS: Global consumers Different wants, needs etc Long term relationship Look out for maximum customer satisfaction RIVALRY AMONG COMPETITORS: Intensive competition between firms for the customer loyalty, market share and reputation. Main competitors are Bisleri VS Kinley, Aquafina, International market, Pure Life, etc. POTENTIAL ENTRY OF NEW COMPETITORS: Fake Manufacturer who sounds alike. Economies of Scale Capital Investments Research Development POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS: Soda Juices Local water Tap water Beer, etc Porters five force model is basically useful for the marketers which provide a simple step for accessing and calculating the position and competitive strength of organization or company. Porters five forces for Bottled water industry- a)Bargaining power of suppliers- The suppliers are basically the input to any firm. Supply of raw materials, bottles, machinery tools to the firms. The suppliers are providing their material to other industry as well so they are not entirely dependent on water industry, so suppliers can negotiate and possibly a pressure on industry profitability. b)Bargaining power of consumers- The consumers are very knowledgeable and brand conscious. These two factor can lead consumers to be highly price conscious and look for quality products can effect the profitability. c)Rivalry among competitors- Like every other industry, bottled water industry also got some competitors in the market .The major problem is product differentiation, the quality, pricing which can effect the industry d) Entry of new competitors- Entry into the market like small firms can quickly enter into the market by sub contraction their manufacturing activities, secondly new suppliers ,new rates so the industry should be updated with all new technologies and with existing or upcoming competitors, because the new entries can weaken the position and decrease profitability e)Development of substitute product- Bottled water industry-water which is easily available anywhere in malls, stations etc. can have a threat by its substitutes like soda, coke, juices in future. Company introduction- Bisleri Ltd., a company of Italian origin, first introduced under the name Bisleri in Mumbai, India in glass bottles in two varieties bubbly still in 1965. Signor Felice Bisleri who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India started this company. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Bisleri has started expanding operations substantially and the turn over has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently Bisleri has 8 plants 11 franchisees all over India. They have their presence covering the entire span of India. In their future ventures they look to put up four more plants in 2008-2009. They command a 60% market share of the organized market. . It is their commitment to offer every Indian pure clean drinking water. Bisleri Water is put through multiple stages of purification, ozonised finally packed for consumption. . Rigorous RD stringent quality controls has made them a market leader in the bottled water segment. Strict hygiene conditions are maintained in all plants. . ProductPackaging: Bisleri is available in a range of sizes. At the same time Bisleri is promoted by an aggressive print-and-TV backed by hoardings and point-of-sale material. Every interface with the consumer is being used as an opportunity to reinforce the message. In 1998, the branded mineral water market had grown to a 424 million litre business, valued at Rs 4 billion2. There were 200 brands available in the country. In their bid to garner greater market share, many companies, including Parle Bisleri tried to make quality and the purification processes they used their unique selling proposition (USP).In 2000, the branded water market had grown to Rs 7 billion. New players like Pepsis Aquafina, Coca-Colas Kinley and Nestles Pure Life entered the market, which gave bisleri a tough compition. The market was segmented into premium, popular and bulk segments (Refer Table below for the price range in different segments). The premium segment was the least crowded with just four brands: French transnational-Danones Evian and Ferrarelle and Nestles Perrier and San Pellagrino. The popular segment was where most of the action was. Bisleri, Bailley, Aquafina, and Kinley were some of the dominant brands in this segment. In the bulk segment (5, 12 20 lit res), bisleri was a major player with Kinley and Aquafina staying out of this segment. The main objective of segmentation is to increase your sales (i.e. strengthen your position in the market) and increase your profits( Dennis J. Cahill, 1997). It has also has some pros and corns which are discussed as bellow: Advantages: Identify new product opportunities. It helps one to identify the needs of different market segments and developing products to satisfy those needs. Develop more efficient methods of promoting existing products by enabling you to: Identify new or highly profitable markets or new channels of distribution. Target a particular market segment more efficiently than spreading limited resources over a wide area. Maintain sales but reduce expenditure on promotion and advertising. Business based on too narrow a market is vulnerable to market decline and/or competition (from new entrants or imports)( Tony Conway, Jonathan S. 2000). Indeed, in addition to advantages, there are distinct disadvantages in segmentation. These are; Disadvantages: Generally there is an increase in costs with segmentation stemming from increased; Market research the need to better understand the needs of the various market segments. Research and development the need to produce different products for the different market segments. Production costs-the need for different products for different market segments. Administrative costs-the need for separate marketing plans for the different segments. Inventory costs-the need for additional stock to cover variations in demand plus additional stock holding and control systems. Distribution costs-the need for different distribution channels for different market segments. By 2002, the mineral water market was worth Rs 10 billion and was growing at the rate of 40% a year. Kinley and Aquafina made inroads into the market and by March 2002, Kinley had a 10% market share, Aquafina had 4% and the share of Bisleri had come down to 51%. By June 2001, Bisleris market share was 47% and Aquafina and Kinley together accounted for over a third of the market. Bisleri reportedly wanted to focus on the bulk segment because Pepsi and Coca-Cola seemed to be strong in the retail segment and would take some time to strengthen their presence in the bulk segment. To strengthen its presence in the bulk segment, Bisleri was investing heavily on marketing and distribution.. The Break Away Seal The New Product Keeping in mind the consumers need to recognize a genuine product that cannot be tampered with, Bisleri developed the break away seal. The unique cap has been patented and cannot be duplicated or tampered with. This technology development in the product ensures that the consumer will only get a highly safe product when they consume Bisleri packaged drinking water Bisleri by its breakaway seal as an assurance of purity . SWOT Analysis- Definition: SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is an important tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environment( Nigel Piercy, William Giles, 1989) The Key Distinction Internal and External Issues Strengths and weaknesses are Internal factors. For example, a strength could be your specialist marketing expertise, Lawrence P. Ettkin, Marilyn M. Helms, Michael S. Anderson, 2006. STRENGTHS: Value for Money Strong PR Innovation Cheapest Deal Quality Low Price Convenient to get Comprehensive nation wide coverage of the market urban, semi-urban and rural areas. They have quite a number of brands, covering all segments and filling all gaps. Brand name. Pure and Safe. Unlike its competitors who concentrate only in urban areas, Bisleri is found everywhere. It has a countrywide distribution. A huge network of dealers spread all over the country. Global Expansion: Danone also attempted to boost its position in India by purchasing a stake in Parle Bisleri, Indias largest bottled water company, which is in the process of restructuring its manufacturing and distribution arms and tripling its bottling capacity with an eye towards selling precisely 49% of itself to a foreign investor, quite possibly Danone. Product Development. Global Company. Strong RD Strong Advertising. Top Leading Water Supplier in India 40% Market Share. Packaging. The brand has some 18 manufacturing locations spread across the country. Online Sale and Marketing. WEAKNESS: A weakness could be the lack of a new product. No clear target audience. Easy to duplicate. In the packaged drinking water business, Kinley has recorded 32.7 per cent share, against Bisleris share of 35.8 per cent. New entry in market Opportunities and threats are external factors. For example, an opportunity could be a developing distribution channel such as the Internet, or changing consumer lifestyles that potentially increase demand for a companys products.( Lawrence P. Ettkin, Marilyn M. Helms, Michael S. Anderson, 2006) OPPORTUNITIES: Global Expansion. Consumer Behavior. Divisions of customers into different segments Increasing the sales by online marketing/expansion of their offices. THREATS: A threat could be a new competitor in an important existing market or a technological change that makes existing products potentially obsolete. New entry in market. Growing International market. Other existing companies. Local Companies. TOWS MATRIX- Internal factors strength weaknesses External factors a)Comprehensive nation wide coverage of the market urban, semi-urban and rural areas. They have quite a number of brands, covering all segments and filling all gaps. b)Brand name. c)Strong PR. d)Low Price. e)Global Company. f)Top Leading Water g)Supplier in India. h)40% market share. a)No clear target audience. b)Easy to duplicate. c)In the packaged drinking water business, Kinley has recorded 32.7 per cent share, against Bisleris share of 35.8 per cent. d)New entry in market . Opportunities SO Strategies WO Strategies a)Global Expansion. b)Consumer Behavior. c)Division of customers into different segments d)Increasing the sales by online marketing/expansion of their offices a)By using strong financial position the company can expand their offices in various regions and divide the customers in to different segments to know the consumer behavior. b)By using proper public relation, marketing tools it can expand the business globally a)As the market is very huge and there are chances of new entries/competitors, company can expand their offices and can do more brand awareness throughout and provide a good customer satisfaction. Threats ST Strategies WT Strategies a)New entry in market. b)Growing International market. c)Other existing companies. d)Local Companies. By using proper way of brand awarenesss. By keeping a proper track of the product and quality with customers demand helps company to make themselves differ from their competitors. By keeping a proper record of the sales network through different offices can helps company in strong distribution and to compete their competitors Strategic clock- To stay competitive in this heavy market place can only be achieved by getting customers and offering better service.Bisleri is adopting a low strategy as they are delivering best brand of the country in cheap rates.Even though there are many other companies offering same product in competitive rates,but due to companies long time stability and with a good marketing customer are attached and definitely Bisleri can stay longer in this sector. KTDC By considering the strategic clock the Bisleri should do more concentration towards its marketing strategies and product developments interms of quality,service,delivery can provide a better outlook for company compared to competitors. Stakeholders impact on company- The cooperation between the stakeholder and the company gives a success result as it is very important to analyze the stakeholders success criteria and then turning them into a goals. The stakeholder can be a person or an organization which cam impact negatively or positively- Government Environment Shareholders Management Customers Employees Local community Among all these important stakeholders shareholders, employees, management, customers plays a prominent role in success of company. The Bisleri company is spread all over across the country so as per the stakeholders there are some positive and negative impacts which are as follows- a) Rapid growth in the population can lead to increased requirements for drinking water. b) Main challenge of competition has to be tackled by price cutting. Taking the fact into consideration that the companys rivalries have a better competitive advantage in terms of price Bisleri can gain a better edge in the market coming down by price. c) New design and range has to be introduced by the company because the investment in design can make the product attractive . Bisleri should invest more in store expansions and in increasing the number of stores worldwide. d) From this report it is clear that over the years Bisleri has created an image in all over country. This feeling among the people has to be clarified by proper campaigns and advertisements regarding other competitors. e)As new offices will definitely create vacancies for employees. The employees must selected from the local area ,so that they can speak about their product and create more brand awareness. Future Strategies in Bisleri company- Bisleri company is now spreaded all over the country(India) by its strong marketing and financial background and also working out in go internationally. The company is trying to expand its sales to US. In future the company must adopt an stretch strategy to build a good brand and remain core competitive among competitors. By adopting stretch strategy, company can maintain their stakeholders for long term and can grow globally very fast by maintaining compatible culture and strategies. The company will definitely get new leaders, new entrants ,new ideas to expand their business and will definitely be a wow factor in future. Conclusion- Overall to conclude, bisleri has a good market hold in the domestic or Indian market as compare to its competitors which has been described in the theory as above. Bisleri has already cracked the niche market and has taken over a good percentage of water market in todays date but along with that the prices have also hiked up and with growing technological development and to be in business, bisleri still has a long way to go and to come up with new products to stay in the market at the same position. The global bottled water industry is in a very powerful position, but is also under increased scrutiny and criticism

Penguins †Birds that Cannot Fly Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Penguins – Birds that Cannot Fly Penguins are one of my favorite species of birds. They look like a bunch of men in tuxedos at the beach. Although they are considered birds, none of them are capable of flying. They live in climates and locations that range from the warm Equator to the freezing Antarctic. Penguins are so cool that they have become the stars of many television commercials. Of the seventeen species, it is the Emperor penguin that is the most interesting penguin. After all, how many fathers can go without food for two months, so that they can protect their off-spring twenty four hours a day? All penguins are found in the Southern Hemisphere and are flightless seabirds. While many people associate penguins with the cold Antarctic, only two species breed in the Antarctic. The two species that breed in the Antarctic are the Adelie and the Emperor penguin. In fact, penguins live in a wide variety of climates and locations. Among the locations that the other fifteen species inhabit are the Galapagos Islands and the coasts of Australia, South America, New Zealand, and South Africa. Interestingly, the Emperor penguin is the world's only bird that never spends one second of its life on dry land. Adult penguins range in height from approximately 16 to 48 inches, depending on the species. The Emperor penguin is the tallest of all species. Emperor penguins are also the heaviest, weighing up to 100 pounds. Most penguins can be recognized by their white breasts, black backs, and black heads, resembling a small man in a tuxedo. Some penguins have other distinguishing features such as orange, red, or yellow areas on their heads or necks. Penguins are gifted swimmers, using their wings as paddles. Their bodies are de... ...le find penguins interesting, beer companies and other advertisors have chosen to frequently use them in television commercials. There is even a hockey team named after them. Of all the seventeen species, however, it is the amazing nesting habits and parental dedication that makes the Emperor penguin the most interesting of all penguins. The Kingfisher Illustrated Encyclopedia of Animals. New York, New York: Kingfisher Books, Grisewood & Dempsey Inc., 1992: "Penguin." 238-239. Pete & Barbara's Penguin Page. 4 October 2003 Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/pengies.html>. Conway, William G. "Penguin." Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. 1993-1997. Earth & Sky World of Science Web Page. Byrd and Block Communications. 1998. 4 October 2003 .

Capital Budget Recommendation

As a dedicated furniture maker and businessman, a clear understanding of the techniques used to assist in capital budgeting is important. There are several techniques used, each having advantages and disadvantages. Within this recommendation, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be briefly discussed. Additionally, discuss how each technique will assist in determining the desirable capital budget technique to recommend. Concluding with a course of action Mr. Navallez should take, along with calculation to support the recommended course of action. Capital budget techniques Several techniques can be used to analyze an opportunity to invest in capital. Net Present Value (NPV) allows decision makers to analyze the present value (cost) of a capital investment and determine if the investment will compensate the cash outflow used for capital investment by an excess of the desired rate of return. Management â€Å"wants to know the rate of return to expect from investingâ⠂¬ , therefore, will â€Å"use the internal rate of return method. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156)The internal rate of return produces the actual rate of return on an investment; where as, net present value allows management to select the desired rate of return on an investment. A simple and straightforward technique is the payback period; as the name suggests â€Å"payback† this technique â€Å"shows how long it will take to recover the initial cash outflow (the cost) of an investment. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 164) Although, the payback period furnishes the time period when the cost is likely to be recovered, the technique does not illustrate compensation in excess of the initial cash outflow or assist in evaluating different prospective capital investments. Additionally, modified internal rate of return technique shows the adjusted rate of return based on the expected return on investment after taxes, however, does n ot calculate compensation or assist in evaluation of alternatives. For the purpose of the recommendation further discussion of net present value and internal rate of return assist in determining the desired course of action Mr.Navallez should acquire. The two techniques demonstrate the ability to compare the two prospective investments Mr. Navallez is considering. With reference to each prospective investment within this recommendation each will be referenced as Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Alternative 1 is the purchase of automated high-tech machinery and Alternative 2 is becoming a representative. Net preset value vs. internal rate of return Net present value (NPV) is determined by â€Å"subtracting the cost of the investment from the present value of the future cash inflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 156) The future cash inflow is a calculation that is computed by taking the future annual cash inflow of the investment (payments), number of peri ods, and desired rate of return. Two outcomes are determined by the use of this technique, a high rate of return or a below rate of return. The most favorable outcome is a high rate of return; a high rate of return indicates the future cash inflow of an investment is worth the current cash outflow (cost of the investment). In use, the cost of the automated machinery subtracted from present value of the future cash inflows will show the net present value of the investment.Cash inflow consists of representative fees, working capital recovery due to the decrease in labor and manufacturing cost. Net present value will show whether the prospective investment will compensate in excess of the desired rate of return. Internal rate of return is a desire rate, also called hurdle rate, or cutoff rate, or minimum rate set by the organization as the expected return on the investment. â€Å"The rate of return is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156) â€Å"The higher internal rate of return, the more profitable the investment. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) The internal rate of return is calculated by taking the total values (cash inflow and outflow) and â€Å"guess† (rate of return). This technique assist in the decision making process because once the internal rate of return is determined, the desired investment can easily be decided. Taking the cash outflow and inflow from each alternative and the desired rate of return will offer the best comparison as which investment will present a return favorable. Recommendation The recommendation Mr. Navallez should take is alternative 1. Alternative 1 offers the best return on investment.The use of the net present value techniques presents the desired return on investment. Net present value over internal rate of return presents the expected return on cash outflows for the cost of the investment, th us allowing management to â€Å"compute a present value index. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Assume the desired rate of return is 8% over 10 periods, alternative 1 cash inflow would be $421,834 with cash outflow being $323,091 and alternative 2 cash inflow of $314,057 with cash outflow being $283,930. The present value of alternative 1 is $98,743 and alternative 2 is $30,127.Alternative 1 yields a higher rate of return, however, taking it a step further to confirm alternative 1 is the best investment the present value index offers an additional comparison of the two investments. Present value index is calculated by dividing cash inflows from cash outflows, â€Å"the higher the ratio, the higher the rate of return per dollar invested into the proposed project. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Alternative 1 ratio 1. 306 and alternative 2 ratio 1. 106; thus confirming alternative 1 the best investment and the most profita ble for Mr. Navallez. Capital Budget Recommendation As a dedicated furniture maker and businessman, a clear understanding of the techniques used to assist in capital budgeting is important. There are several techniques used, each having advantages and disadvantages. Within this recommendation, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be briefly discussed. Additionally, discuss how each technique will assist in determining the desirable capital budget technique to recommend. Concluding with a course of action Mr. Navallez should take, along with calculation to support the recommended course of action. Capital budget techniques Several techniques can be used to analyze an opportunity to invest in capital. Net Present Value (NPV) allows decision makers to analyze the present value (cost) of a capital investment and determine if the investment will compensate the cash outflow used for capital investment by an excess of the desired rate of return. Management â€Å"wants to know the rate of return to expect from investingâ⠂¬ , therefore, will â€Å"use the internal rate of return method. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156)The internal rate of return produces the actual rate of return on an investment; where as, net present value allows management to select the desired rate of return on an investment. A simple and straightforward technique is the payback period; as the name suggests â€Å"payback† this technique â€Å"shows how long it will take to recover the initial cash outflow (the cost) of an investment. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 164) Although, the payback period furnishes the time period when the cost is likely to be recovered, the technique does not illustrate compensation in excess of the initial cash outflow or assist in evaluating different prospective capital investments. Additionally, modified internal rate of return technique shows the adjusted rate of return based on the expected return on investment after taxes, however, does n ot calculate compensation or assist in evaluation of alternatives. For the purpose of the recommendation further discussion of net present value and internal rate of return assist in determining the desired course of action Mr.Navallez should acquire. The two techniques demonstrate the ability to compare the two prospective investments Mr. Navallez is considering. With reference to each prospective investment within this recommendation each will be referenced as Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Alternative 1 is the purchase of automated high-tech machinery and Alternative 2 is becoming a representative. Net preset value vs. internal rate of return Net present value (NPV) is determined by â€Å"subtracting the cost of the investment from the present value of the future cash inflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 156) The future cash inflow is a calculation that is computed by taking the future annual cash inflow of the investment (payments), number of peri ods, and desired rate of return. Two outcomes are determined by the use of this technique, a high rate of return or a below rate of return. The most favorable outcome is a high rate of return; a high rate of return indicates the future cash inflow of an investment is worth the current cash outflow (cost of the investment). In use, the cost of the automated machinery subtracted from present value of the future cash inflows will show the net present value of the investment.Cash inflow consists of representative fees, working capital recovery due to the decrease in labor and manufacturing cost. Net present value will show whether the prospective investment will compensate in excess of the desired rate of return. Internal rate of return is a desire rate, also called hurdle rate, or cutoff rate, or minimum rate set by the organization as the expected return on the investment. â€Å"The rate of return is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1156) â€Å"The higher internal rate of return, the more profitable the investment. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) The internal rate of return is calculated by taking the total values (cash inflow and outflow) and â€Å"guess† (rate of return). This technique assist in the decision making process because once the internal rate of return is determined, the desired investment can easily be decided. Taking the cash outflow and inflow from each alternative and the desired rate of return will offer the best comparison as which investment will present a return favorable. Recommendation The recommendation Mr. Navallez should take is alternative 1. Alternative 1 offers the best return on investment.The use of the net present value techniques presents the desired return on investment. Net present value over internal rate of return presents the expected return on cash outflows for the cost of the investment, th us allowing management to â€Å"compute a present value index. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Assume the desired rate of return is 8% over 10 periods, alternative 1 cash inflow would be $421,834 with cash outflow being $323,091 and alternative 2 cash inflow of $314,057 with cash outflow being $283,930. The present value of alternative 1 is $98,743 and alternative 2 is $30,127.Alternative 1 yields a higher rate of return, however, taking it a step further to confirm alternative 1 is the best investment the present value index offers an additional comparison of the two investments. Present value index is calculated by dividing cash inflows from cash outflows, â€Å"the higher the ratio, the higher the rate of return per dollar invested into the proposed project. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, & Schnieder, p. 1160) Alternative 1 ratio 1. 306 and alternative 2 ratio 1. 106; thus confirming alternative 1 the best investment and the most profita ble for Mr. Navallez.

Essay on Araby, by James Joyce - 846 Words

In his short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce describes a young boy’s first stirring of love and his first encounter with the disappointment that love and life in general can cause. Throughout the story Joyce prepares the reader for the boy’s disillusionment at the story’s end. The fifth paragraph, for example, employs strong contrasts in language to foreshadow this disillusionment. In this passage the juxtaposition of romantic and realistic diction, detail, and imagery foreshadows the story’s theme that, in the final analysis, life ends in disappointment and disillusionment. The romantic language, details, and imagery of the passage create a rapturous and sensual tone. Drawing from the religious, chivalric, and†¦show more content†¦The allusion brings with it all the associations of chivalric honor connected with tradition of courtly love. Romantic excess pervades his vision of his love. He finds his â€Å"eyes . . . full of tears† and experiences â€Å"a flood from his heart.† Although he cannot explain these sensations, he interprets them as physical signs of his deep-felt love. The realistic and naturalistic diction, detail, and imagery, on the other hand, create a pessimistic tone that contrasts harshly with the naà ¯ve, romantic tone. Drawing from the ordinary, commonplace, and worldly spheres of daily life, Joyce blends words and details, the connotations of which accentuate the world’s imperfect and sordid reality. Secular and naturalistic diction, detail, and imagery of the marketplace contrast the spiritual, romanticized language of the knight-errant’s quest. His â€Å"prayers and praises† compete with â€Å"the curses of labourers,† a negative, destructive prayer. Moreover, â€Å"the shrill litanies of the shop boys† and â€Å"the nasal chanting of the street-singers† pervert the religious connotations of the litany and chanting into ordinary and ugly elements of commerce. The shop boys â€Å"st[and] on guard,† not by their ladies fair, butShow MoreRelatedAraby and James Joyce1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† is clearly identifiable as the work of James Joyce. His vocalized ambition of acquainting fellow Irish natives with the true temperament of his homeland is apparent throughout the story. Joyce’s painstakingly precise writing style can be observed throughout â€Å"Araby† as well. Roman Catholicism, which played a heavy role in Joyce’s life, also does so in the story which is another aspect which makes Joyce’s authorship of the story unmistakable. As a result of Irish heritage displayedRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce1013 Words   |  5 Pages James Joyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when one enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is symbolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce917 Words   |  4 PagesAraby is a short story by James Joyce about a young boy who is infatuated a young woman who is the older sister of one of his friends. He w atches her from afar and believes that his feelings are true love. He lacks the confidence to speak to her or confide in anyone else. The narrator speaks of her as if she were the most beautiful and wondrous human on earth, however, he does not realize that he is in love with the thought of her and not necessarily her. The narrator lives in Ireland as James JoyceRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is a young boy who has such an infatuation for his friend Mangan sister, he begins to idolize her as if she was a saint. This is when the idea of love and desire come into play. He simply can’t stop thinking about her and sees her in a godly like way. As the story begins to unfold the realization that the young boy doesn t quite understand the concept of the illusion and the reality of what Mangan’s sister really means to him. The young boy realizes that hisRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce uses religion to give a the story deeper meaning. The narrator of the story finds himself in a confusing love that is unrealistic and distorted. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce uses an underlying theme of religion to portray a confusing admiration that is bro ught to a twisted end. Throughout â€Å"Araby† there is an underlying theme of religion. The boy himself lives with his uncle who is feared by the other kids on the street. If he is seen the kids â€Å"hid in the shadows† untilRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1885 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both introduce two young protagonist who both share in blinded adoration for young women. Both young men attempts to woo the young woman by proving their nobility. Both efforts go completely unnoticed by both girls and both young men are left alone dealing the aftermath of their failed nobility, which changes the way they view themselves. James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a medieval romance set in Dublin, Ireland. As we are introduced to the story, Joyce describes theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce869 Words   |  4 Pages Araby In the short novel, Araby by James joyce which was one of the most influential writers in the modernist era of the early 20th century. In Araby, Joyce highlights a young boy who describes the North Dublin Street where he lives in a house with his aunt and uncle. The narrator recalls when he and his friends used to run through the dark muddy lanes of the house to avoid his uncle or when Mangan’s sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea. He is obsessed with the youngRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce843 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, James Joyce uses the young unnamed boy as her main character. Representing himself in this first person view, the main character takes us on a journey that suggests the verge of adolescence. The events that take place in this story create a very clear image for us, reflecting the difficulties a young boy may undergo during the last years of his juvenile life. The awakening is sometimes unknowingly refreshing. He would watch the girl he most desires at times throughout the day as if mesmerizedRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1451 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce, an Irish novelist, wrote fifteen short stories that depict Irish middle class life in Dublin, Ireland during the early years of the twentieth century. He entitled the compilation of these short stories Dubliners. The protagonist in each of these stories, shares a desire for change. This common interest motivates the protagonist and helps them to move forward in their lives. Additionally, the protagonist has an epiphany, or moment of realization or transformation. In â€Å"Araby†, the narratorRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce’s, Araby, is an emotional short story that centers around a nameless boy living in Dublin, with his aunt and uncle, who has a consuming crush on his friend’s sister. His love for her leads him to the Araby bazaar, and there he comes to a realizat ion about his immature actions. This event is the basis for the entire story, but the ideas Joyce promotes with this story revolve around the boy’s reactions to his feelings about his crush. Joyce spends much of the story describing the boy’s

Problems of Working Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 298 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Problems Essay Women Essay Did you like this example? It is an open truth that working women have to face problems just by virtue of their being women. Working women here are referred to those who are in paid employment. Social attitude to the role of women lags much behind the law. This attitude which considers women fit for certain jobs and not others colors those who recruit employees. Thus women find employment easily as nurses, doctors, teachers the caring and nurturing sectors, secretaries or in assembling jobs-the routine submissive sectors. But even if well qualified women engineers or managers or geologists are available, preference will be given to a male of equal qualification. A gender bias creates an obstacle at the recruitment stage itself. When it comes to remuneration the law proclaims equality but it is seldom put into practice. The inbuilt conviction that women are capable of less work than men or less efficient than men governs this injustice of unequal salaries and wages for the same job. The age old belie f of male superiority over women creates several hurdles for women at their place of work. Women on the way up the corporate ladder discover that they must be much better than their male colleagues to reach the top. Once at the top male colleagues and subordinates often expect much greater expertise and efficiency from a woman boss than from a male boss. Conditioned by social and psychological tradition women colleagues too don’t lend support to their own sex. Working in such conditions inevitably put much greater strain on women than what men experience. These problems tend to make women less eager to progress in their careers. Indeed many of them choose less demanding jobs for which they may even be over-qualified. A woman’s work is not merely confined to paid employment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problems of Working Women" essay for you Create order

Essay on Radicalism in California - 682 Words

Radicalism in California Radicalism was a major problem for California in the 1960s, especially for the bay area. University of California at Berkley was the homestead of Radicalism. The Radicals included Students and non students, all very liberal and some were hippies. The Radicals started out with good intentions, fighting for free speech and to stop racial discrimination. Unfortunately the radicals lost track of what was really important, and they got violent. Who knows what they could have accomplished if they had remained peaceful protesters, and found different, legal, ways to get their points across. Radicalism started to rise as early as the 1960s when college students got upset because of their exclusion from a†¦show more content†¦Several students were disciplined for the tactics that were used in the strike. After they had been arrested, crowds of students occupied the campus administration building. They had a huge sit in at Sproul hall, the police intervened by order of the gov ernor and arrested 700 people, 578 of them were found guilty of trespassing and resisting arrest. Earlier it was declared that sitting in was just a form of trespassing and going limp when trying to be arrested was just a form resisting arrest, which is completely true if you think about it. After all this cleared up, the University did pass resolutions that the University should not regulate the content of political advocacy, but regulate only the time, place and manner in order to prevent interference with normal University functions. The University also liberalized its rules governing student political activity. So the rise of Radicalism worked out good for these students. Since the protests worked out so well, these students became overconfident, partly because of Mario Savio. Mario Savio told many of these people that he could protect them from any kind of punishment, including going to jail. Obviously this was a false statement, he had no authority to carry out what he promised. The success of the sit ins and the passive resistance with the policeShow MoreRelatedThe American Counterculture Movement909 Words   |  4 PagesJ. D. Salinger s Holden Caulfield and Mad magazine s Alfred E. Neuman. He then attended the University of Michigan, read Jack Kerouac s be at novel On the Road, hitchhiked across the country, and witnessed student protests at the University of California at Berkeley. He spent much of 1961 in the South and was once badly beaten by local whites in McComb, Mississippi. During the 1960s, Tom Hayden became one of the key figures in the New Left. In 1968, he flew to North Vietnam in protest of the VietnamRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 1960 S846 Words   |  4 Pagesantiwar demonstrations and occupied various public places to make their revolutionary ideas visible and to be heard. In 1960s, the new radicalism took place. 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In Resistance, Radicalism, and Repression on the Oxnard Plain, Frank Barajas discusses how beet sugar growers on the Oxnard Plain cut the wages of Mexican laborers working inRead MoreA City Where Black Power Won : The Origins Of The Black Panther Party On College Campuses1350 Words   |  6 Pages Paula Deroseney Dr. Carl Suddler AAS 385: Urban History 31 March 2016 The movement of African American migrants out of the South and into northern California laid the foundation for the development of the Black Panther Party (BPP), which served as a voice for the black community. With this new wave of black migrant families into California came a new, younger generation whose Southern roots had not yet been formed. As young migrants assimilated into their new environments, their exposure toRead MoreThe World Of Graphic Design925 Words   |  4 PagesModern Art. The radicalism of the 60s had a great influence on her desire to become a graphic designer (Adams). 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Administrative Theories in Public Administration free essay sample

I have never thought that administrative theories in Public Administration has been established back in 1800 with theorist who have discovered or developed and now has been part of the system of the Philippine government. The earliest contributors to our understanding of management theory included practicing managers as well as social scientist. More recent theorist has tended to be academic or management consultants. The early theorist can be divided into 2 main groups – the practicing managers such, as Taylors and Fayol and the social scientists, such as Mayo and Mc Gregor. Meet the Mr. Taylor, the theorist of Scientific Management. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), one of the early practical manager-theorist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, spent the greater part of his life working on the problems of achieving greater efficiency on the shop-floor where he manages. The solution he came up with was based directly on his own experience at work, initially as a shop floor worker and later as a manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Theories in Public Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He pioneers scientific management which includes: The systematic study of the relationships between and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done. Scientific Management Theory Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix According to him, there are 4 Principles to increase efficiency that are: a. Study the way the job is performed now and determine new ways to do it. Gather detailed, time and motion information; try different methods to see which is best b. Codify the method into rules – Teach to all workers c. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in step2 d. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance – Workers should benefit from higher output But, Taylor recognizes that the measures he was proposing would appear to be more than just a new method – they would be revolutionary. He stated that the outset that â€Å"scientific management† would require a complete mental revolution on the part of management and workers. Henry Fayol (1841-1924) – father of modern management theory He divided industrial into 6 groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting managerial And formulated the 14 Principles of management which we are using it every day in our daily activities, allow me to enumerate them and somehow expand a little. Division of Labor – allows for job specialization, Authority and responsibility – Fayol noted firms can have too much specialization leading to poor quality and worker involvement. Unity of command – employees should have one boss. Line of authority – a clear chain from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization – the degree to which authority rests at the very top. Unity of direction – one plan of action to guide the organization. Equity – treat all employees fairly in justice and respect. Order – each employee is put where they have the most value. Initiative – encourages innovation. Discipline – obedient, applied, respectful employees needed. Remuneration of Personnel – The payment system contributes to the success. Stability of nature – long term employment is important. General interest over personal interest – the organization takes precedence over the individual. Esprit de corps – share enthusiasm or devotion to the organization. I have added here some of the theorist I researched which I consider to be worth sharing. Mary Parker – an influential leader in early managerial theory. a. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements b. The worker knows the best way to improve the job c. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. The Hawthorne Studies It appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive. Contingency Theory – Assumes there is no one best way to manage The environment impact the organization and managers must be flexible to react to environmental changes The way the organization is designed, control systems selected, depend on the environment Conclusion As management theories evolved in centuries, the principles and ideas were never changed yet it has been a guiding value to those who are in public nor private service and to those who are employed and business people. It’s amazing how they have passed on to many generations of people who wanted to learn and use the theories. The theories have been explicit in explanations and user-friendly, though there are theorists who have presented different thoughts on the earlier theorist but if we examine deeply, it’s all the same, only presented in different design. Before I end, I would just like to emphasize the last part of the theories because it speaks about our relationship with the environment and how we will relate environmental, Technological environments change rapidly so must managers.